The Stonewall Riots

National History Day Project by Phoebe Hoerner

Introduction

The Stonewall Riots were a series of spontaneous demonstrations by members of the LGBTQ+ community in response to a police raid at the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village, New York City. The riots began on June 28, 1969, and represent a crucial turning point in history that transformed the gay rights movement from small, cautious groups into a more visible and assertive movement demanding equality. Before Stonewall, LGBTQ+ advocacy was characterized by accommodation; after Stonewall, it was defined by resistance and pride.

Background

In the 1960s, homosexual acts were illegal in almost every state, and bars and restaurants could be shut down for having gay employees or serving gay patrons. The Stonewall Inn was one of the few establishments that welcomed openly gay people, including drag queens and homeless youth.

Key Events

On June 28, 1969, police raided the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar in Greenwich Village. Unlike previous raids, the patrons resisted arrest and a crowd gathered outside, leading to a riot that lasted several days. This marked a turning point in the LGBTQ+ rights movement.

Historical Impact: A Turning Point in LGBTQ+ History

The Stonewall Riots catalyzed the formation of numerous gay rights organizations and inspired the first Pride parades. This crucial turning point transformed the gay rights movement from small, cautious groups into a larger, more visible community advocating for equality. Before Stonewall, LGBTQ+ advocacy groups like the Mattachine Society and Daughters of Bilitis worked cautiously, often emphasizing respectability. After Stonewall, new organizations like the Gay Liberation Front emerged with more assertive tactics and demands, marking a fundamental shift in approach and visibility that continues to influence LGBTQ+ activism today.

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